Endnotes - Hamlet | Classic Literature
In an effort to create a complete form of Hamlet, William George Clark and William Aldis Wright combined parts of Hamlet from both the Second Quarto and First Folio. This portion of dialogue originates from the Second Quarto but the verse line is missing a word. The printing of the Second Quarto skips a word making the line read “And either the devil, or throw him out.” Shakespeare’s original intent has been lost, and modern scholars have a variety of theories on what it might have been. Scholars have proposed “master” as a possible emendation. Other guesses made by scholars include “curb,” “lodge,” “reign,” and “seize.” —Emma Sweeney ↩
Here we encounter another complication due to combining two versions of Hamlet . In the First Folio, the text is missing almost four lines of verse. These lines have been restored from the Second Quarto but the print was not perfect: a portion of a verse line was not completed. Scholars have proposed “So haply slander—” as a possible emendation. Another guess made by scholars is “So dreaded slander—.” —Emma Sweeney ↩
Previous Act 5, Scene 2The end Back to Hamlet
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Previously Act 5, Scene 2: Hamlet tells Horatio how he replaced the order for his own execution with one commanding the deaths of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, then accepts the fencing match. The Queen drinks poison, Hamlet and Laertes wound each other with the poisoned sword, and Laertes exposes the plot before Hamlet kills the King; Laertes and Hamlet exchange forgiveness and die. Horatio survives to tell the story, English ambassadors confirm the two courtiers' deaths, and Fortinbras claims rights in Denmark and orders military honours for Hamlet.
Who's who so far F Francisco A soldier on guard outside the castle, cold and sick at heart, who leaves when Bernardo relieves him. B Bernardo A member of the night watch who has seen a figure like the dead king with Marcellus and now witnesses its appearance with Horatio. Horatio Prevented by Hamlet from drinking the remaining poison, he survives and offers to explain the deaths to Fortinbras and the assembled audience. M Marcellus A watchman who joins Horatio in swearing to keep secret what they have seen and heard that night. The Ghost The spirit appears to Hamlet in his mother's room, renews its command and urges him to help his distressed mother, who neither sees nor hears it. The King After Laertes exposes his plot, he dies when Hamlet stabs him and forces him to drink the poisoned potion. Queen Gertrude She drinks from the cup intended for Hamlet despite the King's instruction not to drink and dies after telling her son that the drink has poisoned her. Hamlet After accepting the match with trust in providence, he is mortally wounded by the poisoned sword, kills the King when Laertes exposes the plot, asks Horatio to tell his story and supports Fortinbras' election before dying. Polonius Hiding behind the Queen's wall hanging to overhear Hamlet, he cries for help and is stabbed to death through it by the prince. Laertes Wounded with his own poisoned weapon after striking Hamlet, he exposes the King's part in the plot and seeks mutual forgiveness with Hamlet before dying. V Voltimand The returning envoy who reports that Norway's king has restrained Fortinbras and now requests passage through Denmark for an expedition against Poland. C Cornelius The envoy who returns from Norway with Voltimand and receives the King's thanks for their work. Ophelia Her body is brought for burial with restricted rites because she may have taken her own life, while her brother insists on her innocence. R Reynaldo Polonius' messenger, sent to take money and notes to Laertes and question his acquaintances in Paris, who objects that invented accusations could dishonour him. Rosencrantz The English ambassador confirms his death after Hamlet describes replacing the royal commission with an order for its bearers to be killed. Guildenstern The English ambassador reports that he is dead, fulfilling the substituted commission Hamlet says he sent in place of the order for his own execution. First Player An actor whose speech about Priam and Hecuba brings tears to his eyes, and who agrees to perform The Murder of Gonzago and learn an extra speech that Hamlet proposes to write. P Prologue A performer who briefly asks the court to hear the tragedy patiently before the Player King and Player Queen enter. PK Player King The ruler in the players' performance, identified by Hamlet as Gonzago, who questions the permanence of human promises and is poisoned while sleeping. PQ Player Queen The wife in the players' performance, identified by Hamlet as Baptista, who swears never to marry again if her husband dies. L Lucianus The murderer in the players' performance, introduced by Hamlet as the king's nephew, who pours poison into the sleeping ruler's ears. Prince Fortinbras Returning victorious from Poland, he finds the royal family dead, asserts a claim to the kingdom and orders military honours for Hamlet. C Captain An officer sent by Fortinbras to the Danish king, who tells Hamlet that the army aims to take a small, unprofitable piece of Polish land already defended by troops. GW Gentleman with the Queen A gentleman who reports Ophelia's distress and warns that listeners fit her broken speech to their own thoughts. GR Gentleman reporting the rising A second gentleman who warns the King that Laertes is overcoming his officers with a crowd calling for Laertes to be king. D Danes Laertes' followers, who enter behind him but agree to wait outside the door while he confronts the King. S Servant A servant who tells Horatio that sailors have arrived claiming to carry letters for him. FS First Sailor One of the sailors bringing Hamlet's letters, who hands Horatio a letter from the traveller bound for England. M Messenger A messenger who delivers Hamlet's letters for the King and Queen, explaining that he received them through Claudio rather than seeing the sailors himself. First Clown A gravedigger who jokes about the rules of burial, answers Hamlet with verbal tricks and identifies Yorick's skull. SC Second Clown The First Clown's companion, who says that the dead woman's rank has secured Christian burial and leaves to fetch drink. FP First Priest The priest who refuses further funeral rites for Ophelia because she may have taken her own life, saying that powerful intervention has already enlarged the ceremony. Osric A courtier who brings the King's fencing wager to Hamlet in elaborate language, judges the hits and announces Fortinbras' arrival from Poland. L Lord A lord who checks Hamlet's readiness for the fencing match and conveys the Queen's request that he greet Laertes courteously before they begin. FA First Ambassador An envoy from England who arrives after the King's death and reports that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern have been killed in obedience to the command received there. Spoiler-free: these notes only cover what you have read.
Contents ×
Act 1
Act 1, Scene 1 6 min Act 1, Scene 2 9 min Act 1, Scene 3 5 min Act 1, Scene 4 3 min Act 1, Scene 5 6 min Act 2
Act 2, Scene 1 4 min Act 2, Scene 2 21 min Act 3
Act 3, Scene 1 7 min Act 3, Scene 2 14 min Act 3, Scene 3 3 min Act 3, Scene 4 8 min Act 4
Act 4, Scene 1 2 min Act 4, Scene 2 1 min Act 4, Scene 3 2 min Act 4, Scene 4 2 min Act 4, Scene 5 7 min Act 4, Scene 6 1 min Act 4, Scene 7 7 min Act 5
Act 5, Scene 1 11 min Act 5, Scene 2 14 min Endnotes 1 min Full contents of Hamlet Text settings ×
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